Northings are measured from the equator (with a 10,000 km false northing for positions south of the equator).
Eastings are measured from the central meridian (with a 500 km false easting to insure positive coordinates). UTM zone characters designate 8 degree zones extending north and south from the equator. UTM zone numbers designate 6 degree longitudinal strips extending from 80 degrees South latitude to 84 degrees North latitude. UTM projection is used to define horizontal positions world-wide by dividing the surface of the Earth into 6 degree zones, each mapped by the Transverse Mercator projection with a central meridian in the center of the zone. Distortion of scale, distance, direction and area increase away from the central meridian. You must know which hemisphere and zone you are in to interpret your location globally. In the Southern Hemisphere, Northings start at 10 million at the equator, and decrease southward. In the Northern Hemisphere, Northings are zero at the equator and increase northward. Eastings start at 500,000 on the centre line of each zone. Positions are measured using Eastings and Northings, measured in meters, instead of Latitude and Longitude. The Transverse Mercator projection is used, with the cylinder in 60 positions. The Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM) system sets up a universal world wide system for mapping. Many countries use Transverse Mercator for their grid systems. Now the cylinder's axis passes through the equator, and it can be rotated to line up with the area of interest. Transverse Mercator ProjectionĪ Transverse Mercator projection takes the cylinder and turns it on its side. This caused all Latitude and Longitude lines to intersect at a 90 degree angle, thereby negating the problem that longitude lines get closer together at the poles. In order to do this, Mercator invented a projection which preserved length, by projecting the earth's surface onto a cylinder, sharing the same axis as the earth itself. They needed to be able to take a course and know the distance traveled, and draw a line on the map which showed the day's journey. The Mercator projection was first invented to help mariners. This module will translate latitude longitude coordinates to Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM) coordinates and vice versa. My $r, $sqecc) = ellipsoid_info 'WGS-84' DESCRIPTION My ($mgrs)=latlon_to_mgrs($ellipsoid,$latitude,$longitude) My ($mgrs)=utm_to_mgrs($zone,$easting,$northing) My ($latitude,$longitude)=mgrs_to_latlon($ellipsoid,$mgrs) My ($zone,$easting,$northing)=mgrs_to_utm($mgrs) My ($latitude,$longitude)=utm_to_latlon($ellipsoid,$zone,$easting,$northing) My ($zone,$easting,$northing)=latlon_to_utm($ellipsoid,$latitude,$longitude)
Geo::Coordinates::UTM - Perl extension for Latitiude Longitude conversions.
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